mindmap root((混淆错放倒<br>退休会退位)) abdicate implies a giving up of sovereign power: the king was forced to ~; or sometimes an evading of responsibility such as that of a parent: by walking out he ~d his rights as a father. renounce may be chosen when the sacrifice, especially to some higher or moral end, is stressed: the king ~d his throne to obtain peace. resign applies especially to the giving up of an unexpired office or trust: forced to ~ from office. adjourn implies suspension until an appointed time OR indefinitely: ~ a meeting. prorogue applies especially to action of British crown or its representative by which a parliament is adjourned: the king's hasty decision to ~ the parliamentary session. dissolve implies permanency and suggests that the body ceases to exist as presently constituted so that an election must be held in order to reconstitute it: the president's decision ~d the committee. lapse usually presupposes attainment of a high level of something such as of morals, manners, or habits and implies an abrupt departure from this level or standard; it may reflect culpability or grave weakness OR, sometimes, mere absentmindedness: suffered a momentary ~ of manners. relapse presupposes definite improvement or an advance, toward, for example, health or a higher state, and implies a severe, often dangerous reversal of direction: a young person ~ing into childishness. backslide similar in presuppositions and implications to relapse, is restricted almost entirely to moral and religious lapses, and tends more than the other words to suggest unfaithfulness to duty or to allegiance or to principles once professed: kept a constant vigil lest he ~. misplace implies a putting of something in other than its customary or usual place, but often it suggests a setting or fixing of something where it should not be: her confidence in him was ~d. mislay usually implies a misplacing in the baisc sense but stresses a forgetting of the place in which the thing has been put and therefore often means to lose, usually temporarily: I have ~（mislaid） my glass. mistake implies that one fails to recognize a thing or to grasp its real nature and therefore identifies it with something not itself: ~ synthetic fur for real. confuse suggests that one fails to distinguish two things that have similarities or common characteristics: ~ moral and political issues. confound implies that one mixes things up so hopelessly as to be unable to detect their difference or distinctions and usually connotes mental bewilderment or a muddled mind: hopelessly ~ed by the wealth of choices avialable.